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Blanding's Turtle

Emydoidea blandingi (Holbrook)

This species has a high domed carapace spotted or streaked with greyish-yellow. Its plastron is yellow with black blotches, and there is yellow in the head and neck. We have one isolated small population of Blanding's Turtles in Kejimkujik Park (southwestern Nova Scotia). The nearest other Blanding's Turtles are in Quebec.

Head-on

Plastron detail

The favourite habitat is plant-filled coves and bogs of lakes, where they are seen basking on moss and grass hummocks. They eat carrion as well as insects and snails. Like Snapping Turtles, they have a very long neck which can be withdrawn into the shell inside a "turtleneck" shaped fold of skin. Blanding's Turtles are sometimes called box turtles, but this is not quite accurate. The plastron is hinged, allowing it to close up completely at the rear; "semi-boxed" is better.

Recent study of Blanding's turtles by researchers at Acadia University and Kejimkujik National Park has helped us understand the life history of this species. Until their work, few juvenile turtles had been seen and their life was not well understood. Now, 22 juveniles have been observed and some fitted with radio transmitters to track their movements. The entire Nova Scotia population is about 100 to 180 turtles, in the lakes and rivers in or around Kejimkujik National Park.

Nest and eggs

Hatchling in the hand

Blanding's Turtles were first listed as "Threatened" by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada in 1973. "Threatened" means they are likely to become endangered unless something in the situation changes. Blanding's Turtles should not be removed from the natural habitat. Sightings should be reported to Turtle Watch or the Museum.

Adult turtle

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Eastern Painted Turtle

dark green shell, yellow underneath red markings along edge of shell green head with yellow and red streaks some red on front legs and tail found in ponds

Wood Turtle

shell brown, wood-grain look shell has raised pyramid-like shields underside yellow with black blotches along edge neck and legs are orange underneath associated with streams, not ponds

Snapping Turtle

large head, long thick neck very small plastron for size of turtle back of shell has sawtooth edge big, up to 35 cm long

Blanding's Turtle

high, domed carapace grey-black with yellow spots or streaks head and neck bright yellow underneath southwestern Nova Scotia only

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Eastern Painted Turtle

Chrysemys picta picta (Schneider)

This is the most common and most colourful turtle in Nova Scotia. The carapace is basically green with a yellow stripe down the middle and yellow edges around the shell plates. The edge is marked with red. The plastron is yellow. The head is streaked with yellow, and neck and legs and tail are streaked with red.

The head

On the alert

Painted Turtles are common in southwestern Nova Scotia, becoming less common or absent in the northeast. There are no records from Cape Breton. Look for them in plant-filled ponds, lakes and streams. They are often seen in groups basking on logs and rocks. They seem to be most common where lily pads and pickerel weed grow, eating insects, snails and bits of lily pad.

Shows yellow plastron

Hatchlings

Painted Turtles dig nests along roadsides or in cultivated fields, as well as in sand or gravel beaches. The hatchlings may dig their way out in the fall of the same year. If the nest surface temperature becomes lower than the nest bottom temperature, overwintering is possible. Adults hibernate at the bottom of ponds.

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Wood Turtle

Clemmys insculpta (LeConte)

Turtle lovers will tell you that this is the smartest, most alert turtle species in the province. Its carapace has a sculptured, woody look and its neck and legs are orange underneath. Wood turtles may be seen in slow-moving streams, woodlands, fields or along roadsides near streams. Some people call them mud turtles, because they bask in the sun on muddy river banks. They are omnivorous, eating plants, berries, worms and insects. In summer Wood Turtles will travel upstream in the tributaries. Females lay 8 to 10 eggs in nests dug in gravel banks in early summer. By October they return to the main stream to hibernate, at the side of the stream away from the main current.

Up and over

Pastron detail (turtle completely withdrawn)

Wood Turtles are in trouble in Nova Scotia. They are often removed from their habitat by people wanting pets, then released in unsuitable habitats. This is a bad idea and there is concern about the Wood Turtle population of the province. They are most common in northeastern mainland Nova Scotia and southwestern Cape Breton Island, but turn up in particular river systems in other parts of the province also.

Woodlike shell detail

Head and shoulders

In 1996 the Wood Turtle was added to the "Vulnerable" section of the official list of species at risk of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. "Vulnerable" means the species is of special concern because of its sensitivity to human activities or natural events - in this case, habitat disturbance by people and livestock along riverbanks, and removal from the natural habitat by people seeking pet turtles.

Wood Turtles in Nova Scotia are being monitored by "Turtle Watch", an informal network of concerned scientists and citizens.

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Snapping Turtle

Chelydra serpentina serpentina (Linnaeus)

The snapper is our biggest freshwater turtle, up to 35 cm shell length. Recognize it by its size, its muscular limbs and long tail or by the sawtooth back edge of its carapace. Colour usually looks greenish-gray or dark green because of algae growing on the carapace. Underneath, the plastron is much smaller than the carapace, so this turtle cannot protect itself by drawing into its shell. It looks like a size 10 turtle in a size 6 shell! This, plus its slowness on dry land, explains the snapper's aggressive behaviour when threatened - it cannot run or hide, so its only defence is attack. If molested, it will lunge forward with a neck that can reach halfway back to its tail, and cause a painful bite. In water, snappers are shy of humans and will swim away quietly. They only come out on land in late June and early July to dig a nest and lay eggs. Leave them alone.

Happiest underwater

Underneath showing small plastron

Snappers frequent shallow lakes and streams with lots of plants. They eat fish, amphibians, and some bigger and smaller creatures located with their especially keen sense of smell. Unlike Painted Turtles, they are rarely seen out of the water basking in the sun. They hibernate underwater in winter. In Nova Scotia, snappers are most common in the southwest; there are only 3 reports from Cape Breton, believed to be released captive turtles. If you find a snapper in Cape Breton, please let the Museum know.

Turtle eggs

Head close-up

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