宣德炉图谱 选自

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又称“蜒蚰耳炉”，仿自宋代定窑的作品。宣德皇帝十分青睐，将此炉作为书房内的御用炉品并分赐诸王府，此炉受重视的程度可见一斑。《宣德鼎彝谱》更是盛赞此炉 “款制大雅，为诸炉之冠。”蚰龙耳除了以朴素的圆弧握把象征龙身外，炉身的线条，有苑若半截葫芦般简洁利落。沉稳大雅的造型及玲珑有致的曲线，都足以令人久视而不生厌。在今日，不论是用来供置神案，客厅办公装饰，还是摆设在书斋、居室等处，均能营造出特殊迷人的氛围，令人摒息沉醉。 You-Dragon-Ear Censer, also called TingYou-Ear Censer , is the copy of a censer made at the Ding Kiln during the Song Dynasty. Emperor XuanDe liked this censer very much. He used it in his study and gave it to the royal family. That shows the degree to which the Emperor emphasized this censer. The Chronicle of XuanDe Ding and Yi highly praises this censer as having an elegant form and tops all the censers . This censer, in addition to the simple arc that symbolizes the dragon body, also has clean lines, each looking like a Hu Lu cut into halves horizontally. It has a sturdy yet elegant shape and lovely lines, so the longer you look at it, the more you would like it. Nowadays, it can be used for sacrifices, or as a decorative article in the sitting room or office, or placed in your study or living room, etc. Everywhere it can create an especially charming atmosphere that makes you hold your breath and lost in it.

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仿自宋代官窑的款式。《宣德鼎彝谱》中曾美赞其“款制典雅，为诸炉之冠”。双鱼耳炉与戟耳炉的耳形相类，惟双鱼耳下端分叉，用以象征鱼尾，这是和戟耳最大之不同。双鱼耳究竟有何指呢？有人谓之是佛家八宝（又称八吉祥）之一的“宝鱼”。或以为用来象征“鱼水之欢”之意。想当年宣德皇帝将其大多摆设在燕居密室中，必定是“鱼水之欢”的寓意。此炉如果用于赏玩，便无大碍，若误用于供奉神佛祖位前，恐有亵渎神灵之虑。 Double-Fish-Ear Censer, which is the copy of a censer made at the Guan Kiln during the Song Dynasty. The Chronicle of XuanDe Ding and Yi highly praises this censer as having an elegant form and tops all the censers . The ears of this censer are somewhat similar with those of the Ji-ear censer, except that the end of each ear of the Double-Fish-Ear censer branches off to symbolize the fishtail. This is where the Double-Fish-Ear censer differs most from the Ji-Ear censer. What does the double-fish ear mean on earth? Some people say it refers to Treasured Fish , one of the Eight Treasures of Buddhism (also called the Eight Good Fortunes ), and some people say it means Making Love , which can to some extent explains the fact that Emperor XuanDe used this censer mostly in his living room. It is all right to use this censer as an article for appreciation. However, it might be profane to place it before the tablets for ancestors and/or the Buddhist.

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又称“凤眼耳炉”，仿自南宋姜娘子制器。据《宣德鼎彝谱》记载，桥耳应是隐喻古时国子监祭酒（即今日之教育部长）等大学者讲经之时，士子们环围拱桥而听的情景，此炉寓意深远，应是教育家所用的炉款。时至今日，桥有媒介的内涵，故今日不仅教育界，凡有媒介沟通性质的行业，诸如贸易业、中介业、婚友中心以及传媒业，均适用此炉。 Bridge-Ear Censer, also called Peacock-Eye-Ear Censer , is the copy of a censer by Madame Jiang of the South Song Dynasty. According to the Chronicle of XuanDe Ding and Yi, this censer implies the situation of students sitting around an arc-shape bridge listening to a great scholar (such as the Minister of Education at that time) giving a lecture. So, this censer has a far-reaching implication and should have been intended for use by educators in ancient times. In our time, the word bridge has implies media, so, nowadays, this censer can be applied not only to the education industry, but also to any other industry that has the communicating function of media, such as trade, brokerage, media, etc.

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仿自宋代哥窑的款式。是宣德皇帝御赐兵部尚书或大都督等军职人员的炉款。因为狮子乃百兽之王，群兽见之莫不臣服，以此炉赐予担任宣威克敌执掌三军重任的大都督，是再合适不过的了。今日除军职人员外，但凡捍卫治安的警察机构，或是在政界、商界、学业领域中翘楚者，均适用此炉。同时，由于佛经中文殊菩萨以狮为座骑，因此亦可用此炉供奉礼佛。 Lion-Head-Ear Censer. This censer was used by Emperor XuanDe as gift to military officials, such as the Minister of War, Commander in Chief, etc. Because the lion is the King of Animals and every animal subject itself to the lion at the sight of the latter, it was the most suitable to give this censer to a Commander in Chief, who had the responsibility to proclaim the dignity of the emperor, defeat the enemy and command the army. Now, in addition to the military people, any police agencies, leaders in politics and business and scholars can use this censer. At the same time, because, as stated in Buddhist canons, Wenshu (Manjusri Bodhisattva) rides on a lion, so this censer can also used for sacrifices to Buddha.

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又称为“素腹鼎炉”，鼎的形状与炉相类，只是作高脚造型，鼎腹多有特殊用意的纹饰，因此用途并不广泛。素圆鼎因为是圆腹无纹饰的造型，所以线条利落，简单端庄，能达到庄严肃穆的要求，故深为后世所喜爱，这种鼎炉不论是供于佛堂祖灵前，还是一般书房及办公场所，均十分合宜。 Plain Round Ding Censer, also called Plain-Bellied Ding Censer , is a Ding whose shape is similar to that of a censer, except that it has long legs and on the belly there are patterns intended for special purposes. So this censer has limited applications. Because of the round belly without patterns, the Plain Round Ding Censer has clean lines that are simple and elegant, which meets the requirements for solemnity. So this censer is deeply loved by the later generations. It can be placed not only before the tablets for Buddha and ancestors, but also in studies and offices.

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此炉的来历，说法不一，有称是仿宋瓷器的款式，也有称是仿自《绍兴鉴古图》。用途则有人说是祭祀门神，或说是宣德皇帝用以御赐刑部尚书。想来戟为古代兵器，执干戈以邦卫国，所以不论是门神的防卫门户，还是刑部尚书的执法安邦，都应是合用此炉的。因此，今世的司法界、律师界人士使用此炉，可说是甚为相得。 Ji-Ear Censer. There are two explanations regarding the origin of this censer, one being that it is the copy of a porcelain censer of the Song Dynasty, one being that it is the copy of a censer in Shaoxing Collection of Antiques. Some people say that it was used for sacrifices to the Door God or that Emperor XuanDe gave it to the Minister of Justice. Think that Ji was an ancient weapon used for national defense, so was suitable for the Door God who guarded the door and for the Minister of Justice who applied laws for the stability of the country. So, nowadays it is all right for judges and layers to use this censer.

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仿自宋代填漆大钵盂样式。钵本为佛门基本用器，佛经上记载，释迦牟尼手托钵盂，广种福田，所以当时宣德皇帝以此炉广赐天下寺院。此炉简洁优美的线条，更能营造出佛堂高深悠远的意景。所以钵盂炉是今天佛堂的最佳供器。 Bowl-like Censer. It is a copy of the big lacquer-filled bowl of the Song Dynasty. The bowl is one of the basic utensils used by Buddhists. It is stated in Buddhist canons that Buddha holds the bowl and widely spreads seeds of fortune, so Emperor XuanDe gave this censer to temples all across the country. This censer has very beautiful lines that can create an atmosphere of deepness and remoteness typical of a Buddhist temple. So this censer is the best for Buddhist temples nowadays.

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又称“押经炉”，仿自宋代定窑瓷器的款式，亦是佛家的用器。压经炉不仅有高脚、低脚之分，还有一款变体，称为“琴炉”。由于压经炉形制高雅，所以为后世佛院广为仿效，成为礼佛的专门器物。 Ya Jing Censer is the copy of a censer produced by the Ding Kiln of the Song Dynasty. It is also a utensil used by the Buddhists. It has two kinds, one being long-legged, other being short-legged. Besides, it has an offspring called the Qin Censer . Because of the elegant shape of this censer, it has been widely copied by Buddhist temples in later generations and become a utensil specially designed for Buddhism.

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又称“竹根炉”，仿自宋代定窑瓷器的款式。然用途无从查考。想今日赏玩诸家，最喜搜罗竹节，故而认为此种款式有“清风亮节”、“节节高升”之吉祥美誉意义，所以此炉必为高雅人士、赏玩诸家及希冀发达人士所供奉。 Bamboo Node Censer, also called Bamboo Root Censer, is a copy of the Ding Kiln of the Song Dynasty. Its use cannot be traced. Think that nowadays art lovers like bamboo nodes, so this censer has the implications of such good fortunes as integrity , promotion , etc. So it is suitable for people with high moral standards, art lovers and those people who want power and money.

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法盏炉分雁翎法盏炉、悬珠法盏炉及连珠法盏炉三种式样，均仿自元朝枢府窑的款式。法盏是道家施法时的法器，所以宣德皇帝以此炉御赐天下道观。因此炉造型有如马蹄，尤显得玲珑可爱。今世为喜好道法人士所钟爱。 Fazhan Censer. It is divided into three types, i.e. Yanlin, Xuanzhu and Lianzhu, all of which are copies of the styles produced by the Shufu Kiln of the Yuan Dynasty. Fazhan is used by Daoists when they are using magic, so Emperor XuanDe gave this censer to Daoist temples all across the country. The shape looks like the lovely hoof of a horse. Those who love the magic of Daoism love this censer.

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又称“桶炉”，分为“九元三极炉”、“三元太极炉”、“狮首三元炉”及“九箍炉”等款式。法桶炉均呈桶状，不论是在炉身饰有三条九条不等的凸线，或是加上狮首略作变化，均是桶炉的变化。法桶炉由于是深腹造型，可以积存较多的香灰，较利于枝香的插放，在枝香盛行的今日，法桶炉较其他炉型更具一番实用价值。同时，根据炉身所饰凸线的数目，又有“九思”、“三思”等不同的名称，因而又有劝人深思、勿莽撞行事的惕励作用。 Fa Barrel Censer, also called Barrel Censer , is divided into Nine-Yuan-Three-Ji Censer , Three Yuan Taiji Censer , Lion-head Three Yuan Censer , Nine-hoop Censer , etc, is a barrel-like censer. Whether it has three to nine protruding lines on the body or it has the lion head, it is always a form of the barrel. Because it has a very deep belly, it can hold a lot of ashes of incense so that incense sticks can stay firmly in the censer. Nowadays incense sticks are very popular, so Fa Barrel Censer has a much more practical value than any other categories. At the same time, according to the number of protruding lines on the censer body, it is also called Think Nine Times , Think Three Times, etc, so it encourages people to think before taking any actions.

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夔龙耳的炉耳上有一具形的龙首，再由龙首口中吐出一道弧状握把，使其与炉腹相连结，炉耳的下方夹有一块状垂物。此炉款后在嘉靖年间被仿制成了瓷炉，样式庄重可喜。宣德皇帝曾以此炉赐赠礼部尚书，足见此炉品相之高，即便于今世，亦颇值典藏或为祭器。 Kui-Dragon-Ear Censer. Each handle of this censer has the shape of a dragon's head and an arc-like handle drops down from the mouth of the dragon to connect with the belly of the dragon. Under the ear there is a hanging block. This censer was copied in porcelain during the Jiajing Reign of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor XuanDe gave it to the Minister of Rites, which sufficiently shows the high status of this censer. Even today, it is well worth collecting or being used to hold sacrifices.

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又称为“判官耳炉”，仿自南宋姜娘子制器的款式。在宣德年间是皇帝用来赐给詹事府、翰林院及国子监主事臣的炉款。由于“朝冠”本身便富有“加官晋爵”的吉兆，其双冠朝天的形制又颇为别致可喜，因此举凡职务或学业上有晋升需求的人，若以此炉摆设，不仅寓意吉祥，更可收到美化观瞻的实效。 Court-Cap-Ear Censer, also called Judge-Ear Censer , is the copy of a censer made by Madame Jiang of the South Song Dynasty. Emperor XuanDe gave it to Zhanshi Office, Hanlin Academy, etc. Because Court Cap is in itself a symbol of good fortune, i.e. the Promotion in Rank , and the form of the two caps pointing to the sky is very lovely and unique, so, for anyone who hopes for higher-level education or position, this censer not only implies good fortune, but also beautifies the scene.

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仿自宋代东瓷的款式，或以为是仿古器而铸。不仅样式如鼓，甚而炉身上还有鼓钉状的装饰。在宣德年间是用以供奉宫内旗帜或庙内诸神，用途并不普遍。惟其鼓状炉身颇为典雅，令人不禁发思古之幽情，颇宜于书房客厅中使用，籍以营造出复古情怀，别具风格。 Drum-like Censer. Some think it is the copy of a censer produced by Dongci during the Song Dynasty, while some think it is the cast copy of an ancient utensil. It looks like a drum and, in addition, has nail-like decorations on the censer body. During the reign of Emperor XuanDe, it was mainly used to hold sacrifices to flags in the royal palace or to gods in temples. What is wonderful about this censer is its drum-like body, which is very elegant and takes you back to ancient times. So it is suitable for use in studies and sitting rooms.

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仿自南宋姜娘子所铸“鬲甗”的款式。宣德皇帝曾以此炉供奉于乾清宫神御殿，作为祭奉先祖之用，小型索耳炉形制饱满有力，腹部线条柔畅，颇值玩味。 Rope-Ear Censer. This is a copy of the GeYan censer made by Madame Jiang of the South Song Dynasty. Emperor XuanDe placed it in the God's Room of the Qianqing Palace to hold sacrifices to his ancestors. The smaller version of this censer is very full and powerful in shape. The lines on its belly are very soft and smooth.

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仿自南宋姜娘子制器的款式。当时是供给宣德皇帝御筵及进柑之用。此炉过去并不受重视，如今却成为了罕见的炉款。橘瓣状的外形，实在是浑圆可爱，是值得赏玩的隽品。 Orange-Bag Censer. This is the copy a style made by Madame Jiang of the South Song Dynasty. It was used to hold the foods and oranges for Emperor XuanDe. This censer was not much valued in the past, so now it is a rare style. The orange-like shape is very round and lovely, good for eyes.

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又称为“长方马槽炉”，宣德皇帝铸炉素来谨守“天圆地方”的原则，也就是说，祭天用圆形炉，祭地用四方炉。时至今日，长方形炉十分罕有，是用来供奉城隍、土地或是祖先神灵的佳品。 Quadrangular Censer. It is also called the Rectangular -manger Censer . In casting censers, Emperor XuanDe always stuck to the principle of Round Heaven and Square Earth , namely round censers for Heaven and square censers for Earth. Few rectangular censers are available now. It is a good censer for the City God, Earth God and ancestors.